They can be obtained from a complex function, representing a spiral potential flow, due to the superposition of a source/sink with a vortex the parameter phi in this case specifies the ratio of the ass flux of source/sink to the circulation of the vortex. The spiral coordinates in the plane have as coordinate curves two families of logarithmic spirals, making a constant angle, respectively phi and pi / 2-phi, with all radial lines, where phi is a parameter.
orthogonal curvelinear coordinates with equal factors along all coordinate axis. In this presentation are introduced spiral coordinates, which are a particular case of conformal coordinates, i.e.
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